A Tour of C++
  • 简介
  • 目录
    • 第1章 基础
    • 第2章 用户自定义类型
    • 第3章 模块化
    • 第4章 类
    • 第5章 基本操作
    • 第6章 模板
    • 第7章 概念和泛型编程
    • 第8章 标准库概览
    • 第9章 字符串和正则表达式
    • 第10章 输入输出流
    • 第11章 容器
    • 第12章 算法
    • 第13章 实用功能
    • 第14章 数值计算
    • 第15章 并发
    • 第16章 历史及兼容性
    • 索引
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  1. 目录

索引

上一页第16章 历史及兼容性

最后更新于1个月前

知识有两种。

我们自己知道一个问题,

或者我们知道在哪里

我们能够找到关于这个问题的资料。

—— 塞缪尔·约翰逊

Token

  • !=

    • container

    • not-equal operator

  • " string literal

  • $, regex

  • %

    • modulus operator

    • remainder operator

  • %=, operator

  • &

    • address-of operator

    • reference to

  • &&, rvalue reference

  • (, regex

  • (), call operator

  • (?, pattern

  • ), regex

  • *

    • contents-of operator

    • multiply operator

    • pointer to

    • regex

  • *=, scaling operator

  • *? lazy

  • +

    • plus operator

    • regex

    • string concatenation

  • ++, increment operator

  • +=

    • operator

    • string append

  • +? lazy

  • -, minus operator

  • -- decrement operator

  • ., regex

  • /, divide operator

  • // comment

  • /=, scaling operator

  • : public

  • <<

    • output operator

  • <=

    • container

    • less-than-or-equal operator

  • <

    • container

    • less-than operator

  • =

    • 0

    • and ==

    • assignment

    • auto

    • container

    • initializer

    • initializer narrowing

    • string assignment

  • ==

    • = and

    • container

    • equal operator

    • string

  • >

    • container

    • greator-than operator

  • >=

    • container

    • greator-than-or-equal operator

  • >>

    • template arguments

  • ?,regex

  • ?? lazy

  • [,regex

  • []

    • array

    • array of

    • string

  • \,backslash

  • ],regex

  • ^,regex

  • {,regex

  • {}

    • grouping

    • initializer

  • {}? lazy

  • |,regex

  • },regex

  • ~,destructor

  • 0

    • =

    • nullptr NULL

A

  • abstract

  • alias

  • argument

  • arithmetic

  • array

  • assignment

  • associative array - see map

B

  • block

C

  • C++

  • C++11

  • catch

  • check

  • compilation

  • compile-time

  • components

  • concepts

  • concrete

  • const

  • constrained

  • constructor

  • cost

  • C-style

D

  • deduction

  • default

  • definition

  • delete

  • deprecated

  • dictionary – see map

  • difference

  • dynamic_cast

E

  • element requirements

  • error

  • evaluation

  • example

  • expression

F

  • features

  • for

  • future

G

  • get<>()

  • gsl

H

I

  • immutability

  • implementation

  • initialization

  • initializer

  • interface

  • is

  • ISO

J

K

L

  • lambda

  • language

  • lazy

  • library

  • list

  • literal

  • literals

M

  • match

  • mathematical

  • member

  • moved-from

  • multiple

N

  • naked

  • narrowing

  • new

  • non-memory resource

  • non-standard library

  • normal_distribution

O

  • operations

  • operator

  • output

    • operator <<

  • overloading

P

  • programming

  • promise

R

  • RAII

  • random

  • range

  • Range

  • regex

  • regular

  • removed

  • resource

    • acquisition RAII

  • return

  • return

  • rule

  • run-time

  • rvalue

S

  • scaling

  • scope

  • span

  • standard

  • statement

  • std

  • store

  • string

  • structured

T

  • task

  • thread

  • try

U

  • user-defined

  • using

V

  • Vec

  • void

W

X

Z


abs()

class

type

accumulate()

acquisition RAII, resource

adaptor,lambda as

address,memory

address-of operator &

adjacent_difference()

aims,C++11

algorithm

container ,

lifting

numerical

parallel

standard library

<algorithm> ,

template

using

alignas

alignof

allocation

allocator new, container

almost container

alnum, regex

alpha, regex

[[:alpha:]], letter

ANSI C++

any

append +=,string

constrained

constrained template

default function

default template

function

passing, function

type

value

conversions,usual

operator

vector

ARM

array vs.

of []

array

[]

data()

initialize

size()

vs. array

vs. vector

<array>

asin()

assembler

assert()

assertion static_assert

Assignable,concept

=

=,string

copy ,

initialization and

move ,

async() launch

at()

atan()

atan2()

AT&T Bell Laboratories

auto=

auto_ptr,deprecated

back_inser ter()

backslash \

bad_variant_access

base and derived class

basic_string

BCPL

begin() , , ,

beginner, book for

Bell Laboratories, AT&T

beta()

bibliography

BidirectionalIterator,concept

BidirectionalRange,concept

binary search

binding, structured

bit-field,bitset and

bitset

and bit-field

and enum

blank, regex

as function body, try

try

body,function

book for beginner

bool

Boolean,concept

BoundedRange,concept

break

C

and C++ compatibility

Classic

difference from

K&R

void * assignment, difference from

with Classes

with Classes language features

with Classes standard library

ANSI

compatibility,Cand

Core Guidelines

core language

history

ISO

meaning

modern

pronunciation

standard, ISO

standard library

standardization

timeline

C++03

C++0x, C++11 ,

aims

C++0x ,

language features

library components

C++14

language features

library components

C++17 ,

language features

library components

C++20 , ,

concepts

contracts

modules

C++98

standard library

C11

C89 and C99

C99, C89 and

call operator ()

callback

capacity() ,

capture list

carries_dependency

cast

clause

every exception

catch(...)

ceil()

char

character sets, multiple

compile-time

run-time

checking, cost of range

chrono, namespace

<chrono> , ,

class

abstract

base and derived

concrete

hierarchy

scope

template

Classic C

C-library header

clock timing

<cmath> ,

cntrl, regex

code complexity, function and

comment, //

Common,concept

CommonReference,concept

common_type_t

communication, task

comparison

operator ,

compatibility, C and C++

model, template

separate

compiler

check

computation

evaluation

complete encapsulation

complex 49,

<complex> , ,

complexity, function and code

C++11 library

C++14 library

C++17 library

computation, compile-time

concatenation +,string

concept ,

Assignable

based overloading

BidirectionalIterator

BidirectionalRange

Boolean

BoundedRange

Common

CommonReference

Constructible

ConvertibleTo

Copyable

CopyConstructible

DefaultConstructible

DerivedFrom

Destructible

EqualityComparable

ForwardIterator

ForwardRange

InputIterator

InputRange

Integral

Invocable

InvocableRegular

Iterator

Mergeable

Movable

MoveConstructible

OutputIterator

OutputRange

Permutable

Predicate

RandomAccessIterator

RandomAccessRange

Range

Range

Regular

Relation

Same

Semiregular

Sentinel

SignedIntegral

SizedRange

SizedSentinel

Sortable

StrictTotallyOrdered

StrictWeakOrder

support

Swappable

SwappableWith

UnsignedIntegral

use

View

WeaklyEqualityComparable

C++20

definition of

in <concepts>

in <iterator>

in <ranges>

<concepts>, concepts in

class

type

concurrency

condition, declaration in

condition_variable

notify_one()

wait()

<condition_variable>

immutability

member function constant expression const_cast constexpr

function

immutability

const_iterator

argument

template

template argument

Constructible,concept

and destructor

copy ,

default

delegating

explicit

inheriting

initializer-list

invariant and

move ,

container , ,

>=

>

=

==

<

<=

!=

algorithm ,

allocator new

almost

object in

overview

return

sort()

specialized

standard library

contents-of operator *

contract

contracts, C++20

conversion

explicit type

narrowing

conversions, usual arithmetic

ConvertibleTo,concept

copy

assignment ,

constructor ,

cost of

elision

elision

memberwise

copy()

Copyable,concept

CopyConstructible,concept

copy_if()

Core Guidelines, C++

core language, C++

coroutine

cos()

cosh()

of copy

of range checking

count()

count_if() ,

cout,output

<cstdlib>

error handling

string

\D, regex

\d, regex

d, regex

data race

data(), array

D&E

deadlock

deallocation

debugging template

declaration

function

in condition

interface

-declaration, using

declarator operator

decltype

decrement operator --

guide ,

return-type

constructor

function argument

member initializer

operations

template argument

=default

DefaultConstructible,concept

implementation

of concepts

delegating constructor

=delete

naked

operator

auto_ptr

feature

deque

derived class, base and

DerivedFrom,concept

Destructible, concept

destructor ,

~

constructor and

virtual

from C

from C void * assignment

digit, [[:digit:]]

digit, regex

[[:digit:]] digit

-directive, using

dispatch, tag

distribution,random

divide operator /

domain error

double

duck typing

duration

duration_cast

dynamic store

is instance of

is kind of

EDOM

elision, copy

emplace_back()

empty()

enable_if

encapsulation, complete

end() , , ,

engine, random

enum, bitset and

equal operator ==

equality preserving

EqualityComparable,concept

equal_range() ,

ERANGE

erase() 143,

errno

domain

handling

handling, C-style

range

recovery

run-time

error-code, exception vs

essential operations

compile-time

order of

find_all()

Hello, World!

Rand_int

Vec

exception

and main()

catch every

specification, removed

vs error-code

exclusive_scan()

execution policy

explicit type conversion

explicit constructor

exponential_distribution

export removed

expr()

constant

lambda

requires]

extern template

fabs()

facilities, standard library

fail_fast

feature, deprecated

C with Classes language

C++11 language

C++14 language

C++17 language

file, header

final

find() ,

find_all() example

find_if() ,

first,pair member

floor()

fmod()

statement

statement, range

forward()

forwarding, perfect

ForwardIterator, concept

forward_list

singly-linked list

<forward_list>

ForwardRange, concept

free store

frexp()

<fstream>

__func__

function

and code complexity

argument

argument, default

argument passing

body

body, try block as

const member

constexpr

declaration

implementation of virtual

mathematical

object

overloading

return value

template

type

value return

function

and nullptr

fundamental type

and promise

member get()

<future> ,

garbagecollection

generic programming ,

by index

by type

get(), future member

graph,regex

greater-than operator >

greater-than-or-equal operator >=

greedy match ,

grouping, {}

namespace

span

Guidelines, C++ Core

half-open sequence handle resource , hardware, mapping to hash table hash<>, unordered_map header C-library file standard library heap Hello,World! example hierarchyclass navigation history, C++ HOPL

if statement

const

constexpr

definition

inheritance

iterator

of virtual function

string

in-class member initialization

#include

inclusive_scan()

increment operator ++

index,get<>() by

inheritance

implementation

interface

multiple

inheriting constructor

and assignment

in-class member

initialize

array

=

{}

default member

narrowing, =

initializer-list constructor

initializer_list

inline

namespace

inlining

inner_product()

InputIterator,concept

InputRange,concept

insert() ,

instantiation

instruction, machine

int

output bits of

Integral,concept

declaration

inheritance

invariant

and constructor

Invocable, concept

InvocableRegular, concept

I/O, iterator and

<ios>

<iostream> 3,

iota()

instance of, dynamic_cast

kind of, dynamic_cast

C++

C++ standard

ISO-14882

istream_iterator

iterator ,

and I/O

implementation

Iterator, concept

iterator ,

<iterator>

concepts in

iterator_category

iterator_traits ,

iterator_type

join(), thread

key and value

K&R C

\L, regex

\l, regex

as adaptor

expression

and library

features, C with Classes

features, C++11

features, C++14

features, C++17

launch, async()

+?

??

{}?

*?

match ,

ldexp()

leak, resource , ,

less-than operator <

less-than-or-equal operator <=

letter, [[:alpha:]]

algorithm, standard

C with Classes standard

C++98 standard

components, C++11

components, C++14

components, C++17

container, standard

facilities, standard

language and

non-standard

standard

lifetime, scope and

lifting algorithm

<limits> ,

linker

capture

forward_list, singly-linked

list ,

",string

rawstring

suffix, s

suffix, sv

type of string

user-defined ,

string_literals

string_view_literals

local scope

lock, reader-writer

log()

log10()

long long

lower, regex

machine instruction

main()

exception and

make_pair()

make_shared()

make_tuple()

make_unique()

management, resource ,

map 144,

and unordered_map

<map>

mapped type, value

mapping to hardware

greedy ,

lazy ,

function

functions, special

functions, standard

<math.h>

Max Munch rule

meaning, C++

function, const

initialization, in-class

initializer,default

memberwise copy

mem_fn()

memory

address

<memory> , ,

merge()

Mergeable,concept

minus operator -

model,template compilation

modern C++

modf()

modularity

module suport

modules, C++20

modulus operator %

Movable,concept

move

assignment ,

constructor ,

move() , ,

MoveConstructible,concept

object

state

move-only type

multi-line pattern

multimap

character sets

inheritance

return-values

multiply operator *

multiset

mutex

<mutex>

,newline

delete

new

namespace scope

namespace

chrono

gsl

inline

pmr

std , ,

= initializer

conversion

navigation, hierarchy

container allocator

naked

operator

newline

noexcept

noexcept()

noreturn

notation, regular expression

not-equal operator !=

notify_one(), condition_variable

NULL 0, nullptr

nullptr

functionand

NULL 0

number,random

<numeric>

numerical algorithm

numeric_limits

object

function

in container

moved-from

object-oriented programming ,

default

essential

%=

+=

&,address-of

(),call

*,contents-of

--,decrement

/,divide

==,equal

>, greater-than

>=,greater-than-or-equal

++,increment

<, less-than

<=,less-than-or-equal

-,minus

%,modulus

*,multiply

!=,not-equal

<<,output

+,plus

%,remainder

/=,scaling

*=,scaling

arithmetic

comparison ,

declarator

delete

new

overloaded

user-defined

optimization, short-string

optional

order of evaluation

ostream_iterator

out_of_range

bits of int

cout

OutputIterator,concept

OutputRange,concept

overloaded operator

concept based

function

override

overview, container

ownership

packaged_task thread

pair

and structured binding

member first

member second

par

parallel algorithm

parameterized type

partial_sum()

par_unseq

passing data to task

pattern

(?:

multi-line

perfect forwarding

Permutable,concept

phone_bookexample

plus operator +

pmr, namespace

pointer

smart

to *

policy, execution

polymorphic type

pow()

precondition

predicate ,

type

Predicate,concept

print, regex

procedural programming

program

generic ,

object-oriented ,

procedural

future and

member set_exception()

member set_value()

pronunciation, C++

punct, regex

pure virtual

purpose, template

push_back() , , ,

push_front()

R"

race, data

and resource management

and try-block

and try-statement

resource acquisition

scoped_lockand ,

RAII

Rand_int example

random number

distribution

engine

<random> ,

RandomAccessIterator,concept

RandomAccessRange,concept

checking, cost of

checking Vec

error

for statement

concept

concept

<ranges>

<ranges>, concepts in

raw string literal

reader-writer lock

recovery,error

reduce()

reference

&&,rvalue

rvalue

to &

*

}

{

)

|

]

[

ˆ

?

.

$

+

(

alnum

alpha

blank

cntrl

d

\d

\D

digit

graph

\l

\L

lower

print

punct

regular expression

repetition

s

\S

\s

space

\U

\u

upper

w

\W

\w

xdigit

<regex> ,

regular expression

regex_iterator

regex_search

expression notation

expression regex

expression <regex>

Regular,concept

reinterpret_cast

Relation,concept

remainder operator %

exception specification

export

repetition, regex

replace()

string

replace_if()

requirement, template

requirements, element

requires] expression

reserve() ,

resize()

handle ,

leak , ,

management ,

management, RAII and

non-memory

retention

safety

rethrow

function value

type, suffix

value, function

container

type, void

returning results from task

return-type deduction

return-values, multiple

riemanzeta()

Max Munch

of zero

check

error

reference

reference &&

s literal suffix

\s, regex

s, regex

\S, regex

safety,resource

Same,concept

operator /=

operator *=

and lifetime

class

local

namespace

scoped_lock

and RAII ,

unique_lock and

scoped_lock()

search, binary

second,pair member

Semiregular,concept

Sentinel,concept

separate compilation

sequence

half-open

set

<set>

set_exception(),promisemember

set_value(),promisemember

shared_lock

shared_mutex

shared_ptr

sharing data task

short-string optimization

SignedIntegral,concept

SIMD

Simula

sin()

singly-linked list, forward_list

sinh()

size of type

size() ,

array

SizedRange,concept

SizedSentinel,concept

sizeof

sizeof()

size_t

smart pointer

smatch

sort() ,

container

Sortable, concept

space, regex

gsl

string_viewand

special mathematical functions

specialized container

sphbessel()

sqrt()

<sstream>

ISO C++

library

library algorithm

library,C++

library, C with Classes

library,C++98

library container

library facilities

library header

library std

mathematical functions

standardization, C++

state, moved-from

for

if

range for

switch

while

static_assert

assertion

static_cast

namespace , ,

standard library

<stdexcept>

STL

dynamic

free

StrictTotallyOrdered,concept

StrictWeakOrder,concept

C-style

literal "

literal, raw

literal, type of

Unicode

string

[]

==

append +=

assignment =

concatenation +

implementation

replace()

substr()

<string> 109,

string_literals, literals

string_span

string_view

and span

string_view_literals, literals

binding

binding, pair and

binding, tuple and

subclass, superclass and

[] subscripting

substr(), string

suffix

return type

s literal

sv literal

superclass and subclass

suport,module

support, concept

sv literal suffix

swap()

Swappable, concept

SwappableWith,concept

switch statement

synchronized_pool_resource

table, hash

tag dispatch

tanh()

and thread

communication

passing data to

returning results from

sharing data

TC++PL

template

alias

argument, constrained

argument, default

arguments,>>

class

compilation model

constrained

debugging

extern

function

purpose

requirement

variadic

this

join()

packaged_task

task and

<thread> ,

thread_local

time

timeline, C++

time_point

timing,clock

to hardware, mapping

transform_reduce()

translation unit

block

block as function body

try-block, RAII and

try-statement, RAII and

tuple

and structured binding

type

abstract

argument

concrete

conversion, explicit

function

fundamental

get<>() by

move-only

of string literal

parameterized

polymorphic

predicate

size of

typename ,

<type_traits>

typing, duck

\U, regex

\u, regex

udl

Unicode string

uniform_int_distribution

uninitialized

unique_copy() ,

unique_lock ,

and scoped_lock

unique_ptr ,

unordered_map ,

hash<>

map and

<unordered_map>

unordered_multimap

unordered_multiset

unordered_set

unsigned

UnsignedIntegral,concept

upper,regex

use, concept

literal ,

operator

alias

-declaration

-directive

usual arithmetic conversions

<utility> , ,

valarray

<valarray>

value

argument

key and

mapped type

return, function

valuetype

value_type

variable

variadic template

variant

example

range checking

vector arithmetic

vector ,

array vs.

<vector>

vector<bool>

vectorized

View,concept

virtual

destructor

function, implementation of

function table vtbl

pure

*

* assignment, difference from C

return type

vtbl, virtual function table

w, regex

\w, regex

\W, regex

wait(), condition_variable

WeaklyEqualityComparable,concept

WG21

while statement

X3J16

xdigit, regex

zero, rule of

147
6
3
117
6
6
7
11
12
71
117
85
120
117
11
6
11
117
7
118
6
117
111
7
7
112
118
6
7
117
6
2
7
55
75
3
147
6
147
6
54
7
16
8
147
7
8
112
7
147
6
112
147
6
147
6
75
215
117
118
117
171
11
112
3
117
117
117
2
8
118
117
117
51
54
13
188
54
54
189
164
180
16
11
189
213
149
150
160
100
189
161
156
109
156
184
90
215
215
51
178
170
119
119
119
212
177
112
81
82
42
98
41
66
82
82
7
6
192
212
172
11
171
171
171
171
171
172
171
109
188
210
40
40
158
16
112
66
69
18
66
72
204
141
188
188
212
8
218
150
3
176
55
114
219
75
143
147
150
1
212
188
222
159
160
156
45
172
172
172
172
119
141
36
2
1
5
158
160
15
209
218
219
218
219
221
208
210
211
212
218
214
2
207
212
209
214
209
2
2
212
208
212
209
212
213
209
212
215
216
213
216
217
1
213
216
217
1
157
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67